Wednesday, May 1, 2013

Final Exam Study Guide



Anthropology Final Spring 2013 Study Guide
·       Nature vs. Nurture
·       Theory of Gender Neutrality
·       Gender binary
·       Gender dysphoria
·       Gender Socialization
·       Gender identity
·       Intersex/Transsexual
·       Heterogender/Homosexual
·       Gender reassignment
·       Kinsey Scale
·       Sex vs. Gender
·       Life phase homosexuality
·       Homosexual acts. Vs. homosexual identity
·       Cultural construction of homosexuality
·       Oedipal complex
·       Electra Complex
·       Id/Ego/Superego
  • Relational identity
  • Toms/dees 
  • Kathoey
  • Hijra
  • Berdache
·       Feminism: 1st, 2nd, 3rd waves
·       gender is an organizing principle of society.
·       Central questions within Feminist Anthropology: Is there such a thing as matriarchy? Has there ever been one? Is the subordination of women universal or just widespread?

·       Social construction of gender: in every culture, women are subordinate, but the way in which this manifests differs from culture to culture.
·       universalism
·       particularism
·       Structural anthropology and binaries
·       purity/ pollution
·       sacred/profane
·       nature/culture 
·       raw/cooked,
·       socialization of children
·       Woman as intermediate
·       prestige
·       egalitarian
·       Colonialism
·       Colonial Feminism
·       Border Crossing
·       Sati
·       Dowry Murder
·       Spectrum of violence against women
o   Verbal Abuse
o   Domestic Violence
o   Emotional Abuse
o   Sexual Abuse
o   Acquaintance Rape
o   Rape
·       Cycle of violence
·       Domestic/Public
·       gendered division of labor
·       sexual organization of society
·       domestic/public
·       cult of masculinity
·       Woman as polarized symbolism-witch vs. goddess.
·       Sacred/profane: onjesta/pragata
·       Structure/agency
·       Weapons of the Weak-James Scott
·       Subversion
·       Resistance
·       A room of one's own-Wolfe
·       Productive/reproductive labor
·       Sexual division of labor
·       Brideswealth/dowry
·       Positive Psychology
·       Relationship between money and happiness
·       Flow
·       Cooperation vs. Competition
·       Intentional behavior
·       Globalization
·       Elastic Workforce
·       Outsourcing


1.      Emile Durkheim-French Structural Anthropology
2.      Structural Functionalism in Anthropology
a.     Aimed to oppose cultural evolutionism (Morgan)
b.     Structural functionalism and functionalism both took as their point of departure an idea of society as a holistic, integrated system, but structural functionalism had a much stronger emphasis on the self-perpetuation of the system. Indeed, the very name of the school implies that social institutions (which collectively form a social structure) function to maintain the harmony of the social whole.
3.      Marcel Mauss, The Gift
        Mauss argues that in every society there is a tripartite obligation to give, receive and reciprocate. Giving - the necessary initial step for the creation and maintenance of social relationships; receiving, for to refuse to receive is to reject the social bond; and reciprocating in order to demonstrate one's own liberality, honor and wealth.
4.      E.E. Evans-Pritchard-The Nuer
a.     Central argument: “Concepts of time and space are determined by the physical ambient, but the value they embody are only one of many possible responses to it and depend also on structural principles, which belong to a different order of reality”
c.     Structural time-Time in relation to social activities
d.     Cyclical Time-Time is based on the cycle of activities
e.     Linear time-Western concepts of time, based on the calendar
f.       Ecological time-Time in relation to environment
g.     Age set/Age Mates
h.     Social Construction of Reality: persons and groups interacting in a social system create, over time, concepts or mental representations of each other's actions, and that these concepts eventually become habituated into reciprocal roles played by the actors in relation to each other. When these roles are made available to other members of society to enter into and play out, the reciprocal interactions are said to be institutionalized.





Friday, April 5, 2013

Quiz 3 Study Guide



Dr. Money and the Boy with No Penis Notes
1.     Nature vs. Nurture
2.     Theory of Gender Neutrality
3.     Gender binary
4.     Gender dysphoria
5.     Gender Socialization
6.     Gender identity
Fausto-Sterling Notes
1.     Intersex/Transsexual
2.     Gender reassignment
3.     Kinsey Scale
4.     Sex vs. Gender
5.     Life phase homosexuality
6.     Homosexual acts. Vs. homosexual identity
7.     Cultural construction of homosexuality
Freud Notes
1.     Oedipal complex
2.     Electra Complex
3.     Id/Ego/Superego


Nunez Lecture notes Ortner 10/18/12:
I.       Background on feminism and anthropology:
A.               Feminism 1st, 2nd, 3rd wave: Suffragists, Friedan, Bridge
C.               Anthropology (along with history and English) was one of the first disciplines to accept feminist scholarship.
D.              Anthropologists had been paying attention to gender since its inception because gender is an organizing principle of society.
E.               They analyzed things such as religion, social institutions, marriage practices, law and governance. Because all of these structures are organized according to gender, a lot of ethnographic data existed on women.
II.     Feminist Anthropology
A.    When feminist scholars entered universities en masse in the 60s and 70s, they turned to ethnographic data to understand questions of women’s social positions. An initial question was:
1.               Is there such a thing as matriarchy? Has there ever been one?
2.               Is the subordination of women universal or just widespread? This was a debate in feminist circles; Ortner believes it is universal.
3.               In every culture there is a gendered division of labor.
a.    Women take care of the home and children
b.    Have a variety of other tasks, depending on culture
4.               Social construction: in every culture, women are subordinate, but the way in which this manifests differs from culture to culture.

Key terms: universalism, particularism, binaries, structural anthro, purity/ pollution, sacred/profane, nature/culture,  socialization of children, intermediate, raw and cooked, prestige, egalitarian, gendered division of labor, sexual organization of society, domestic/public, cult of masculinity, polarized symbolism-witch vs. goddess.

Sacred/profane: onjesta/pragata
Structure/agency
Weapons of the Weak-James Scott
Subversion
Resistance
A room of one's own-Wolfe
Negative agency
Productive/reproductive labor
Sexual division of labor
Bridewealth/dowry (184)