Anthropology Final Spring 2013 Study Guide
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Nature vs. Nurture
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Theory of Gender Neutrality
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Gender binary
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Gender dysphoria
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Gender Socialization
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Gender identity
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Intersex/Transsexual
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Heterogender/Homosexual
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Gender reassignment
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Kinsey Scale
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Sex vs. Gender
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Life phase homosexuality
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Homosexual acts. Vs. homosexual identity
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Cultural construction of homosexuality
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Oedipal complex
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Electra Complex
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Id/Ego/Superego
- Relational identity
- Toms/dees
- Kathoey
- Hijra
- Berdache
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Feminism: 1st, 2nd, 3rd
waves
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gender is an organizing principle of society.
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Central questions within Feminist Anthropology: Is
there such a thing as matriarchy? Has there ever been one? Is the subordination
of women universal or just widespread?
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Social construction of gender: in every culture,
women are subordinate, but the way in which this manifests differs from culture
to culture.
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universalism
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particularism
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Structural anthropology and binaries
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purity/ pollution
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sacred/profane
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nature/culture
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raw/cooked,
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socialization of children
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Woman as intermediate
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prestige
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egalitarian
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Colonialism
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Colonial Feminism
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Border Crossing
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Sati
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Dowry Murder
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Spectrum of violence against women
o
Verbal Abuse
o
Domestic Violence
o
Emotional Abuse
o
Sexual Abuse
o
Acquaintance Rape
o
Rape
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Cycle of violence
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Domestic/Public
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gendered division of labor
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sexual organization of society
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domestic/public
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cult of masculinity
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Woman as polarized symbolism-witch vs. goddess.
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Sacred/profane: onjesta/pragata
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Structure/agency
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Weapons of the Weak-James Scott
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Subversion
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Resistance
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A room of one's own-Wolfe
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Productive/reproductive labor
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Sexual division of labor
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Brideswealth/dowry
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Positive Psychology
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Relationship between money and happiness
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Flow
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Cooperation vs. Competition
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Intentional behavior
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Globalization
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Elastic Workforce
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Outsourcing
1. Emile Durkheim-French Structural
Anthropology
2. Structural Functionalism in
Anthropology
a. Aimed to oppose cultural evolutionism
(Morgan)
b. Structural functionalism and
functionalism both took as their point of departure an idea of society as a
holistic, integrated system, but structural functionalism had a much stronger
emphasis on the self-perpetuation of the system. Indeed, the very name of the
school implies that social institutions (which collectively form a social structure)
function to maintain the harmony of the social whole.
3. Marcel Mauss, The Gift
Mauss argues that in every society
there is a tripartite obligation to give, receive and reciprocate. Giving - the
necessary initial step for the creation and maintenance of social
relationships; receiving, for to refuse to receive is to reject the social
bond; and reciprocating in order to demonstrate one's own liberality, honor and
wealth.
4. E.E. Evans-Pritchard-The Nuer
a. Central argument: “Concepts of time
and space are determined by the physical ambient, but the value they embody are
only one of many possible responses to it and depend also on structural
principles, which belong to a different order of reality”
c. Structural
time-Time in relation to social activities
d. Cyclical
Time-Time is based on the cycle of activities
e. Linear time-Western
concepts of time, based on the calendar
f.
Ecological
time-Time in relation to environment
g. Age set/Age
Mates
h. Social
Construction of Reality: persons and groups interacting in a social system
create, over time, concepts or mental representations of each other's actions,
and that these concepts eventually become habituated into reciprocal roles
played by the actors in relation to each other. When these roles are made
available to other members of society to enter into and play out, the
reciprocal interactions are said to be institutionalized.
